ASP.NET Core中的对象池化技术详解

写在前面

Microsoft.Extensions.ObjectPool 是 ASP.NET Core 基础结构的一部分,当对象的初始化成本较高,并且可能被频繁使用时,才适合采用对象池技术;被ObjectPool管理的对象不会进入垃圾回收,使用时通过由实例对象实现的Get()方法,从对象池中借出对象,用完之后调用Return(T obj)方法,将对象还回去。也可以在Return(T obj)方法中设置判断条件,仅允许特定的对象进入对象池。

通过NuGet 获取 Microsoft.Extensions.ObjectPool 类库

代码实现

using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.Extensions;
using Microsoft.Extensions.ObjectPool;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
 
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
 
// DefaultPooledObjectPolicy: 默认的策略,继承抽象类PooledObjectPolicy
builder.Services.TryAddSingleton<ObjectPoolProvider, DefaultObjectPoolProvider>();
 
builder.Services.TryAddSingleton<ObjectPool<ReusableBuffer>>(serviceProvider =>
{
    var provider = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<ObjectPoolProvider>();
    var policy = new DefaultPooledObjectPolicy<ReusableBuffer>();
    return provider.Create(policy);
});
 
builder.Services.TryAddSingleton<ObjectPool<Person>>(serviceProvider => {
    var provider = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<ObjectPoolProvider>();
    var policy = new PersonPoolPolicy();
    return provider.Create(policy);
});
 
builder.Services.TryAddSingleton<ObjectPool<StringBuilder>>(serviceProvider =>
{
    var provider = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<ObjectPoolProvider>();
    var policy = new StringBuilderPooledObjectPolicy();
    return provider.Create(policy);
});
 
var app = builder.Build();
 
// config middleware
app.UseMiddleware<BirthdayMiddleware>();
 
app.MapGet("/", () => "Hello rjcql!");
 
// return the SHA256 hash of a word 
http://localhost:5128/hash/xxxx
app.MapGet("/hash/{word}", (string word, ObjectPool<ReusableBuffer> bufferPool) =>
{
 
    var buffer = bufferPool.Get();
    try
    {
        // Set the buffer data to the ASCII values of a word
        for (var i = 0; i < word.Length; i++)
        {
            buffer.Data[i] = (byte)word[i];
        }
 
        Span<byte> hash = stackalloc byte[32];
        SHA256.HashData(buffer.Data.AsSpan(0, word.Length), hash);
        return "Hash: " + Convert.ToHexString(hash);
    }
    finally
    {
        // Data is automatically reset because this type implemented IResettable
        bufferPool.Return(buffer);
    }
});
 
app.MapGet("/create/{name}", (string name, ObjectPool<Person> personPool) =>
{
    var person = personPool.Get();
    try
    {
        person.Id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");
        var lastName = person.Name; // 这个是上一个对象的值
        person.Name = name;
        return $"{person.Id}:{person.Name}, {lastName}";
    }
    finally
    {
        // 根据条件回收
        personPool.Return(person);
    }
});
 
app.Run();
 
public class ReusableBuffer : IResettable
{
    public byte[] Data { get; } = new byte[1024 * 1024]; // 1 MB
 
    public bool TryReset()
    {
        Array.Clear(Data);
        return true;
    }
}
 
public class Person
{
    public string Id { get; set; }
 
    public string Name { get; set; }
}
 
public class PersonPoolPolicy : PooledObjectPolicy<Person>
{
    public override Person Create()
    {
        return new Person { Id = "", Name = "rjcql" };
    }
 
    public override bool Return(Person p)
    {
        if (p.Name != "rjcql")
        {
            // 不允许其他名称的对象放入对象池
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
}
 
/// <summary>
/// 创建中间件
/// </summary>
public class BirthdayMiddleware
{
    private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
 
    public BirthdayMiddleware(RequestDelegate next)
    {
        _next = next;
    }
 
    public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext context, ObjectPool<StringBuilder> builderPool)
    {
        var stringBuilder = builderPool.Get();
        try
        {
            stringBuilder.Append("Hi");
            // 在中间干点啥别的
            // await context.Response.WriteAsync(stringBuilder.ToString());
            await _next.Invoke(context);
        }
        finally // 即使出错也要保证归还对象
        {
            builderPool.Return(stringBuilder);
        }
    }
}